Japanese Encephalitis

Japanese encephalitis is a viral disease found in South-East Asia and the Indian subcontinent. The infection is spread by the bite of an infected mosquito. This particular type of mosquito favours breeding sites in and around rice paddies. The mosquito bites mostly around dusk.

Transmission patterns are highly specific to locations and vary year to year; in some countries transmission is seasonal and in others, disease occurs all year round.

The Illness

Japanese encephalitis causes headache, convulsions, encephalitis and meningitis. Most people will have a mild illness with no or few symptoms but for those with severe disease around 30% can develop permanent neurological problems and around 30% will die from the disease.

Treatment

There is no specific treatment available for Japanese encephalitis.

Recommendations for Travellers

Prevention is focused on avoiding mosquito bites, especially around dusk when this mosquito is most active. Use of insect repellents, appropriate clothing and mosquito nets is recommended for those at risk.

Tips on how to avoid mosquito bites

Currently two vaccines that protect against Japanese encephalitis are available in the UK: IXIARO (2 doses) and Green Cross (2-3 doses) of vaccine should be given before travel. The risk for most travellers will be very small. Individuals should consider being vaccinated if they are travelling to a country where Japanese encephalitis is present and where their stay may be prolonged or they are at increased risk of exposure to the disease e.g. staying in or around rice growing areas. Vaccine may also be considered for those with frequent shorter trips to endemic areas.

View the Patient Information Leaflet (PIL) for IXIARO

Book your travel clinic appointment today to find out whether it is necessary for your travels.